A Cosmological Model that Unifies Gravity, Electromagnetism and Quantum Phenomena
Introduction
For decades, cosmologists have relied on the Big Bang model: a universe born 14 to 20 billion years ago from an infinitely dense point of zero size, now expanding into a mysterious void dominated by unseen dark matter and energy. The model has some challenges. Like the horizon and flatness problems which have been dealt with by Inflationary Theory (the Universe became a trillion-trillion times bigger in less than a trillion-trillionth of a second shortly after the Big Bang), and that’s not the most extraordinary thing the model needs to make it fit the universe we see.
We have known for over a hundred years that there is a source of energy in the universe that we do not understand but so far, no one has identified it. The “Dark Matter” touted by Big Bang cosmologists is not an identification, it is an acknowledgement that something is there and an admission that they don’t know what it is.
Four-Dimensional Kinetic Cosmology (4DKC) reimagines the universe as an eternal, infinite 4D spatial manifold, building on Theodore Kaluza’s 5D unification of gravity and electromagnetism (1919) and the continuous matter creation of Bondi, Gold, and Hoyle (1948).
By introducing a fourth spatial dimension and a definitive mechanism for matter formation, 4DKC eliminates the need for a Big Bang, dark energy, dark matter, and traditional quantum mechanics, resolving cosmological paradoxes through a unified kinematic framework. It explains the missing source of energy as the velocity of space. At 186,000 miles per second, its value is precisely the energy we measure as E=mc2.
4DKC will be tested soon. The data is already coming in, from Hubble and more recently the James Webb Telescope. We are learning that the distribution of mature galaxies throughout the visible universe does not align with a singular origin. Most recently, supermassive black holes, billions of times more massive than our sun, have been discovered just a few hundred million years after the Big Bang.
I am sure another miracle will be forthcoming to preserve the century-old Big Bang Theory, but I think this new information leaves room for an alternative model.